What is definition of cell fractionation?

Cell fractionation is a process of separating cellular components or subcellular organelles from the rest of the cell through a series of physical and chemical techniques. The main objective of cell fractionation is to isolate and purify specific cellular components for further analysis and study. It involves breaking open cells and separating the various parts based on their size, density, charge, or solubility. The most common method of cell fractionation involves homogenization of cells, centrifugation, and differential sedimentation, where heavier organelles are separated from lighter ones based on their sedimentation rates. Other techniques such as filtration, chromatography, and immunoprecipitation can also be employed in the process. Cell fractionation has been fundamental in advancing our understanding of the structure and function of cells, as well as the mechanisms of cellular processes.